anticipatory regulatory democracy. 'Competitive supra-governmental regulation' is largely driven by non-state actors and is … therefore commonly viewed as suffering a democracy deficit. However, because it stresses broad participation, intensive …

"This paper presents a theory of competition for political leadership between incumbent leaders and their challengers … perfectly competitive (ideal democracy). Leaders are constrained by the threat of "entry" or their ability to tax (or both), so … trade sanctions and other policies designed to promote democracy may actually have the unintended consequences of …