Allegations of market power in wholesale electricity sales are typically tested using price-cost margins. Such tests are inherently suspect in markets, such as electricity, subject to capacity constraints. In such markets, prices can vary with demand while quantity and thus cost measures remain...

In this article we chart the development of competition and deregulation of the British retail energy markets, explaining the evolution of competitive constraints when consumers are introduced to supplier choice for the first time. In the context of rising real energy prices for consumers, and...

In digital markets, big technology firms like Google, Microsoft, Amazon, etc., compete with each other across multiple markets. Some markets are platforms/two-sided with products offered for free to users, whereas other markets are one-sided with paid products. In some cases, market competition...