The ECJ's ruling in Knauf Gips case (C-407/08P) further develops the concept of a «single economic unit» that allows attribution of liability for anti-competitive conduct in cases involving complex corporate structures where the possibility of exercising a decisive influence cannot be always...

The summary analysis of the major substantive and procedural provisions of the new competition law demonstrates that Moldovan Competition Act (MCA) is generally in compliance with the relevant EU competition rules and principles, as it corresponds to community legislation, regulations,...

The growing scale of enforcement of China's Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) has drawn the attention of multinational businesses, their legal counsels, and the academic community concerned with the development of this branch of law. While much of the public discourse has evolved around the public...

A decade of decentralized enforcement of EU competition rules under the procedural framework of Regulation 1/2003 has produced a diverse enforcement record that varies among Member States. While the numbers of notified investigations and infringement decisions based on Articles 101 & 102 TFEU...

The importance of the ECJ's Beef Industry judgment is at least two-fold: (1) in relation to application of the Article 81 EC the Court clarified that the concept of "agreements by object" is not limited to the hard-core restrictions listed in the Article 81(1) EC, and confirmed the step-by-step...

Discusses: (1) the legislative background for competition enforcement in Moldova; (2) the structure and powers of the country's national competition authority, the National Agency for the Protection of Competition (ANPC); and (3) the ANPC's enforcement activities and emergent enforcement policy...

On 16 February 2010 the Competition Authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina (KV) initiated an investigation into the potential margin squeeze and discriminatory practices applied by the incumbent telecom operator BH Telecom. The investigation was prompted by the complaint submitted by an independent...

A decade of decentralized enforcement of EU competition rules under the procedural framework of Regulation 1/2003 has produced a diverse enforcement record that varies among Member States. While the numbers of notified investigations and infringement decisions based on Articles 101 & 102 TFEU...

The article compares the application of the right of defense in competition law proceedings by seven National Competition Authorities (NCAs) of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). In particular, the article focuses on four sub-rights that are part of the right of defense: right to be informed; right...