This short paper summarizes the main findings of a comprehensive study the authors conducted on the way “vertical restraints” adopted by dominant firms (with a focus on exclusive dealing, rebates and discounts and tying) have been treated by enforcement agencies and courts in the European...

This study concerns the way agreements between a dominant supplier and its customers that restrict the ability of those customers to buy from the dominant firm’s rivals, including exclusive dealing, conditional rebates and tying and bundling (hereafter, “vertical restraints”) have been...

This paper is concerned with the policy choices and trends related to the institutional design of competition law and regulatory enforcement. It focuses on the different architectures that seek to reconcile and bring together the tools used to regulate the behaviour of undertakings ex ante and...

In many jurisdictions across the world concern about foreign control of key national businesses appears to be mounting. This article examines the policies displayed towards foreign direct investment and cross-border mergers in the EU, focusing on the question of when public policy factors may...

This paper considers the impact of a British exit from the European Union on UK competition law. The paper commences by summarising the current competition law regime in the UK, before going on to consider how Brexit may affect it both at the point of Brexit and over time. It notes that Brexit...

Governments around the world spend an estimated $9.5 trillion of public money purchasing goods and services each year (public procurement). Not only does this represent a significant proportion of government expenditure (29.1 percent on average in OECD countries) and of total gross domestic...

Although competition law and IP law probably pursue complementary goals, competition laws can:(i) affect remedies available for patent infringement; and/or otherwise,(ii) limit the conduct of patentees, particularly when transferring or licensing their patents. This chapter discusses the cases...

This paper examines the different images of the ‘consumer(s)’ drawn in EU Competition Law and seeks to identify exactly who those consumers are. The competition provisions in the TFEU make several express references to consumers without defining the term. Further, a number of allusions to...