In most member states of the European Union (EU), universal postal services provided by the incumbent operator are exempt from value added taxes (VAT) on the grounds that they are the “public postal service.” Other postal service providers have to charge VAT at the standard rate. The paper...

This is a review of lt;igt;The Limits of Competition Law: Markets and Public Serviceslt;/igt; (Oxford 2005), by Tony Prosser, a Professor of Public Law at the University of Bristol, England. When competition laws and other public service principles are in tension, can courts avoid a collision or...

It is important to distinguish between economic and non-economic public services, as the latter services are not subject to EU competition law and Member States are free to regulate them. EU competition law is applicable to public services having an economic nature, with a certain degree of...