On 9 June 2017, the 9th Amendment to the German Competition Act (Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen) entered into force. It transposes the EU Directive on Antitrust Damages Actions into German law. Yet, the German legislator also took the opportunity to implement some additional changes....

Public enforcement of competition law in Germany is well-established and follows relatively clear rules. Two routes are available: an administrative proceeding that may lead to prohibition decisions and minor remedies, and a quasi-criminal regulatory offence proceeding that also allows for the...

The EU Directive on Antitrust Damages Actions holds multiple injurers jointly and severally liable for the harm they cause through jointly infringing the competition laws. If an injurer pays to a victim more than the injurer's fair share, the latter is entitled to obtain a contribution from any...