We analyze challenges and pitfalls faced by antitrust authorities in the fining of cartels. We review economics and legal approaches to cartel fining and the sometimes-conflicting objectives of restitution, deterrence, and proportionality. We also discuss various theoretical and empirical...

I claim that the urgently needed telecommunications regulatory reform must rest on three specific principles or policies for enhancing economic efficiency. First, the pursuit of a dynamic regulatory approach based on implementing proper competition processes and information systems rather than...