We model the information traffic on scale-free networks considering the packets’ limited lifetime. In previous papers, an order parameter η, which reflects the accumulation of packets, has been employed to estimate traffic congestion; if η0, the traffic system is in the congestion state....

Considering the difference between the actual and expected payoffs, we bring a stochastic learning updating rule into an evolutionary Prisoners Dilemma game and the Snowdrift game on scale-free networks, and then investigate how the expectation level A and environmental noise κ influence...

The public goods game (PGG) is generally considered as a suitable paradigm to explain ubiquitous cooperative behavior. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary PGG on scale-free networks and studied the effect of individual heterogeneity by setting the cooperator x an investment value...

This paper investigates the evolutionary prisoner’s dilemma on weighted scale-free networks. The weighted networks are generated by adopting Barabási–Albert scale-free network and assigning link weight with wij=(ki×kj)β. Simulation results show that the cooperation frequency has a strong...