The Edwards–Anderson site order parameter, q, or its generalizations have been considered to study the partial spin-glass behavior of ±J Ising lattices. These parameters vanish if all 2W ground states are taken into account, so an ergodic separation must be done in order to emulate nature....

Square lattices with Ising spins at the sites and ±J exchange interactions between nearest neighbors are one of the realizations of the Edwards–Anderson model originally proposed to mimic spin glasses. Such systems produce a complex configuration space due to frustration originated in local...