This paper focuses on the combined effects of loss factors and zonal pricing in a system that takes as a starting point the procedures of transmission pricing in the Norwegian power system. It interprets the notion of loss factors in an AC power flow model, and develops a method for finding...

Presently in the Nordic day-ahead market, zonal pricing or market splitting is used for relieving congestion between a predetermined set of price areas. Constraints internal to the price areas are resolved by counter trading or redispatching in the regulation market. In a model of the Nordic...

In the Nordic day-ahead electricity market zonal pricing or market splitting is used for relieving congestion between a predetermined set of bidding areas. This congestion management method represents an aggregation of individual connection points into bidding areas, and flows from the actual...