Research in the field of customer discrimination has received relatively little attention even if the theory of discrimination suggests that customer discrimination may exist in the long run whereas employer and employee discrimination may not. This paper examines customer discrimination...

The economic literature on professional sports leagues suggests supporters' utility depends on uncertainty of outcome (competitive balance) and the quality of play. Unlike soccer, where the Champions League is dominated by teams from larger countries, our analysis indicates that the ERC exhibits...

Using data from 1,226 matches played over 18 seasons, we analyse match attendances in the group stages of the European Rugby Cup (ERC). We find that short-run (match) uncertainty had little effect on attendances. This finding is significant as the ERC has been replaced by a new competition which...

Research in the field of customer discrimination has received relatively little attention even if the theory of discrimination suggests that customer discrimination may exist in the long run whereas employer and employee discrimination may not. This paper examines customer discrimination...

A club's market size is not equivalent to its fan-base because the club collects gate receipts from fans affiliated to rival clubs, and thus indirectly shares its revenue source with other clubs. We trace the spending of individual fans and found that clubs with a smaller fan-base benefits more...

The classical Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis (UOH) informs economists' understanding consumer decisions to attend sporting events and models of team revenue generation. Coates, Humphreys and Zhou (2014) developed a reference dependent preference based consumer choice model under uncertainty...

This paper investigates how soccer sponsorship influences the financial performance of sponsors. We use an instrumental variable regression framework combined with a fixed effects model to avoid the possible endogeneity raised by omitted variables and reverse causality. The number of tweets...

This paper describes the outcome of an artefactual field experiment of group discrimination using sports fanatics. The behavior of individuals whose identity is deeply tied to a larger group or popular institution is politically important, particularly when it comes to crafting public policy....

As in many industry sectors, in professional sports, no-shows increasingly pose a significant challenge to the management. Previous research has established that spectator no-show behavior is widespread among season ticket holders, in particular, but the specific antecedents of such behavior...

Using data from the 2007, 2008, and 2009 NASCAR seasons, this paper shows that the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis pertains to both race attendance and television audience, with the former only responding to race-level uncertainty and the latter responding to both race-level and season-level...