when individuals derive anticipatory utility from holding motivated, overly optimistic beliefs about the workload they need … for motivated reasoning allows workers to hold substantially more optimistic beliefs and identify a causal link between … the exogenous variation in beliefs and the deferral of work to the future. This systematic belief-based delay of work …

We repeatedly elicit beliefs about the returns to study effort, in a large university course. A behavioral model of … quasi-hyperbolic discounting and malleable beliefs predicts that the dynamics of beliefs mirrors the importance of exerting … the hypothesized mechanism that beliefs serve as a means of self-control. …

anticipatory utility from holding optimistic beliefs about their future effort costs. This study provides a rigorous empirical test … beliefs among workers, which causally increase the deferral of work to the future. The roots for biased beliefs stem from …

monetary incentives for accurate recall, but partially by high incentives. Thus, it seems that motivation and identity …