We examine welfare effects of real-time pricing in electricity markets. Before stochastic energy demand is known, competitive retailers contract with final consumers who exogenously do not have real-time meters. After demand is realized, two electricity generators compete in a uniform price...

International openness enhances social interactions between citizens of different countries or regions and vice versa. Social exchanges, in turn, increase trade flows between countries and influence markets and prices. We analyze the increased mobility that follows from openness between two...

This survey aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the industrial organization literature that explores the behavior of profit-maximizing firms facing consumers with reference-dependent preferences and loss aversion. We discuss the implications of loss aversion on the practice of...

We develop a model of search among substitutes for the best combination of commodity variant and price, in which the structure of search costs is manipulable by the suppliers of these variants, e.g., by joining an existing market or opening a new one. We analyze the subgame-perfect equilibria...

Revisions incorporated into the Horizontal Merger Guidelines in 2010 claim that the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission consider anticompetitive effects to product “variety” when evaluating mergers. The Guidelines do not, however, explain the methodology or tools that can...