This paper examines the sailing speed of containerships and refueling of bunker in a liner shipping network while considering that the real speed may deviate from the planned one. It develops a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization model to minimize the total cost consisting of ship cost, bunker...

A shipping line may have more than one itinerary to transport containers from origin to destination. Customers choose which itinerary to use or using other shipping lines’ itinerary. We use the logit model to formulate customer’s behavior. We find that, on one side, when the freight rates of...

This paper first calibrates the bunker consumption – sailing speed relation for container ships using historical operating data from a global liner shipping company. It proceeds to investigate the optimal sailing speed of container ships on each leg of each ship route in a liner shipping...