In container shipping practices, containers owned by the shipping lines and leasing companies are generally regarded as homogeneous factor inputs and can substitute each other perfectly in providing the shipping service. Based on industry-wide data, this study surprisingly finds that the...

Rather than adding up all cost items of ship operation in the traditional vessel-based approach, this paper develops a theoretical model to evaluate and decompose the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of the container shipping industry in Taiwan. The results show that scale economies and...