Risk in the sense of potential negative outcome is inherent to managerial action. In the lastdecade, an increasing focus has been put in theory as well as practice on the conceptual designof risk management and risk controlling systems, even though no clear concept exists up tonow on how a risk...

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- The control function of management -- Management and control -- Management control alternatives and their effects -- Results controls -- Action, personnel, and cultural controls -- Control system tightness -- Control system costs -- Designing and evaluating...

This paper discusses theoretically the different incentives of managers versus firm owners to invest in innovative activities. There are opposing effects concerning R&D intensity in the manager-controlled firm. Our study on the determinants of R&D intensity presents empirical results concerning...