The Vickrey model, originally introduced in Vickrey (1969), is one of the most widely used link-based models in the current literature in dynamic traffic assignment (DTA). One popular formulation of this model is an ordinary differential equation (ODE) that is discontinuous with respect to its...

In the modeling of traffic networks, a signalized junction is typically treated using a binary variable to model the on-and-off nature of signal operation. While accurate, the use of binary variables can cause problems when studying large networks with many intersections. Instead, the signal...