2020 was marked by an unprecedented pandemic with a dramatic impact on the global economy. To deal with an unknown and highly contagious virus and protect their populations, almost all the world’s countries have adopted lockdown measures. As a result, in a matter of weeks oil has lost around...

The COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing crisis have provided an opportunity to learn more about the African pharmaceutical industry. This report is a contribution to greater understanding of the African pharmaceutical industry and the challenges that it faces, most of which are not new but have...

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), while above all a public health crisis, has presented the African continent with unprecedented economic challenges. In order to contain cross-border transmission of the virus, countries have introduced various restrictions to cross-border and transit freight...