Das italienische Bankensystem ist bislang recht gut durch die Coronakrise gekommen. Dazu haben umfangreiche staatliche Hilfsmaßnahmen ebenso beigetragen wie Vorkrisenreformen mit Blick auf Altlasten aus der Euro-Schuldenkrise. Dazu zählen der Abbau notleidender Kredite und der Aufbau von...

New firms play a critical role in the economy. They disrupt markets with new technologies, offer social mobility opportunities, and support labor market dynamism. As much as any society should nurture and help its new generations to prosper and grow, its economy will be significantly...

Das italienische Bankensystem ist bislang recht gut durch die Coronakrise gekommen. Dazu haben umfangreiche staatliche Hilfsmaßnahmen ebenso beigetragen wie Vorkrisenreformen mit Blick auf Altlasten aus der Euro-Schuldenkrise. Dazu zählen der Abbau notleidender Kredite und der Aufbau von...

We provide an update on the impact the COVID-19 pandemic on the demand for cash and the use of methods of payment based on data from the Bank Note Distribution System and from consumer surveys conducted in April and August 2021. Our key findings are as follows: Cash in circulation remained high...

We use consumer surveys conducted in April, July and November 2020 to study how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the demand for cash and the use of various methods of payment. Continuing from Chen et al. (2020, 2021), we use data from the Bank Note Distribution System (BNDS) to track how the...

We conduct a follow-up to Chen et al. (2020) and study demand for and use of cash after the containment measures imposed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic were relaxed during the summer of 2020. We find that bank notes in circulation continued to rise in July due to ongoing cash...

This paper begins with the definition, measurement, and other conceptual issues related to poverty in the developing world. It then makes an international comparison of experiences in poverty alleviation—how various countries and regions have fared in alleviating poverty before the COVID-19...

In this paper we bring out the performance of the Indian economy, and review the approach of macroeconomic policy especially demand management in the Indian economy. After the shock of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), India’s economy did not dip much due to the well-directed fiscal stimulus...

Since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, there have been growing concerns about the policy measures that states have continued to adopt in pursuit of a resilient recovery and more importantly, the implications of such policies on the future of international trade. This paper explores some of...

We provide an analysis of cash trends in Canada before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the pandemic period, we explore the implications on demand for, use of and access to cash. We find that cash demand has been strong pre-pandemic and increased sharply during the pandemic. While...