The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic represents a major challenge for the world economy. While a detailed longer-term diffusion path of the new virus cannot be anticipated for individual countries, one may anticipate international supply shocks and declining GDP growth in many OECD...

Socioeconomic systems should be understood as "complex" phenomena that cannot effectively be controlled or managed through central planning. In general, markets and other decentralised governance mechanisms that rely on competition and signalling better facilitate learning and adaptation in...

The portfolio approach of financing drug development has been proposed as a financial innovation to improve the risk/return tradeoff of investment in drug development projects through the use of diversification and securitization. By investing in a sizable and well-diversified portfolio of novel...

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had an enormous impact on social and economic life and in particular. for human health care. In this paper, we document the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying policies on individual health care utilization. We use detailed administrative...

Nursing homes have been caught in the crosshairs of the coronavirus pandemic. As of early May 2020, Covid-19 had claimed the lives of more than 28,000 nursing home residents and staff in the United States. But U.S. nursing homes were unstable even before Covid-19 hit. The tragedy unfolding in...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, prices for a number of consumer goods and services, as well as for some pharmaceutical and medicines products, have increased significantly. To counter the attempts of unscrupulous sellers to increase their profits by price gouging, the governments of several OECD...

Deutschland hat sich das Ziel gesetzt, bis zum 21. September 2021 70 % der erwachsenen Bevölkerung ein Impfangebot zu unterbreiten. Der Fortschritt der Impfkampagne hängt dabei wesentlich von drei Determinanten ab: der Impfstoffverfügbarkeit, den Impfkapazitäten sowie der Impfbereitschaft....

In May 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework for the Sharing of Influenza Viruses and Access to Vaccines and Other Benefits (PIP Framework). The PIP Framework’s adoption ended years of difficult negotiations, which began after Indonesia...

The present coronavirus crisis caused major worldwide disruption which has not been experienced for decades. The lockdown-based crisis management was implemented by nearly all the countries, and studies confirming lockdown effectiveness can be found alongside with the studies questioning it. In...

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, interest in COVID-19 vaccines and treatments has grown. In addition, awareness of the importance of healthcare and disease prevention has risen, thus demand for related goods has also increased. There are movements to preempt emerging industries, such as...