is determined by policy uncertainty and risk-aversion, which further control the announcement effects of the new policy …, households' risk-aversion reduces the jump in households' health status once the implementation of the new policy is announced …

analyzes the deterioration in households’ welfare due to the COVID-19, focusing on changes in the labor market. Results show … of their living standards relative to before the start of the pandemic, and for about 40 percent of the poorest, welfare …

reduced cropping area, and 24 percent reduced fertilizer application. In terms of household’s food security, results show that …

welfare losses - combining mortality and poverty and expressed in terms of life-years - depends both on the choice of poverty … low welfare weight on mortality, poorer countries are found to bear a greater welfare loss from the pandemic. When poverty … lines are set differently for poor, middle and high-income countries and/or a greater welfare weight is placed on mortality …