The financial crisis of 2007-09 was interpreted by many as evidence that the incentives of managers were not optimally aligned with the interests of shareholders. As a result, a plethora of proposals have been put forward seeking to increase shareholder engagement. However, this shareholder...

After a crisis, broad and sweeping reforms are enacted to restore trust. Following the 2007-2008 Great Financial Crisis, the European Union has engaged in an ambitious overhaul of banking regulation. One of its centerpieces, the 2013 Fourth Capital Requirements Directive (CRD IV), tackles,...

The effectiveness of shareholder voting as a governance mechanism depends in large part on the voting behavior of institutional investors, many of whom receive recommendations on how to vote from proxy advisors such as ISS. Company managers and policymakers are increasingly concerned that...

This Article explains the interplay between stewardship, shareholder activism, and ESG in the context of the National Pension Service (NPS) in Korea. Largely due to the NPS’s enormous influence in the domestic economy, stewardship and shareholder activism have emerged in Korea. Also,...

Debtholder stewardship refers to the involvement of corporate creditors in a firm’s governance framework with the aim of improving corporate decision-making. This article develops the theory of debtholder stewardship by identifying the mechanisms of debtholder influence, assessing their...

The Korean Stewardship Code is remarkably similar to the UK Stewardship Code in terms of the language. However, a significant difference lies in the motivation. A major concern in the UK is the dormancy of institutional investors in widely-held shareholding. Conversely, a primary purpose of...

Clearinghouses are systemic nodes in financial markets that handle trillions of dollars’ worth of transactions. Yet, these critical market infrastructures stand on fragile foundations. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act of 2010, the sweeping financial reform that followed the 2008 financial...