The OECD Guidelines for the responsible business conduct of Multinational Enterprises is one of the largest corporate social responsibility programs (CSR) in the world. By February 2021, 501 allegations of misconduct by multinational companies have been brought to the attention of the National...

This study analyzes the differences in financial performance and risk between sustainable firms and non-sustainable firms through the use of a fuzzy Jensen’s alpha and a fuzzy beta to measure abnormal returns and systematic risk, respectively. The sample consisted of 644 firms from OECD...