After investigating the nature, under the Italian Constitution, of the Italian Freeze-Out Rule ("IFOR") for listed corporations (controlling shareholder's right to compulsorily acquire minority shares), the work develops an analysis - under an Italian existing-law and law-making perspective, as...

This Article investigates the sacred origins of the corporate form. It sheds light on the sacred rituals performed to establish Ancient Roman cities as legal entities. It discusses the role of the Roman Catholic Church in developing the corporate form and in giving birth to a systemized set of...

In this chapter, we examine the conceptualization of the corporation in private law, focusing particularly on categorization functions served by the corporate form. We argue that corporations are conceptualized as a distinctive kind of legal actor, their legal agency being constituted by private...

Shares are an instrumental phenomenon in law, finance and modern life. Much of corporate law revolves around shares and shareholders, but our current understanding of shares is in a troubling posture: it resorts to various frameworks – contract, property, trust, and fiduciary law – neither...

From a law-and-economics perspective the primary goal of (legal) remedies is to enhance social welfare by minimising social costs. Remedies help to achieve cost internalisation since they provide means by which third parties who are negatively affected by the respective action are entitled to...

Dozens of judicial opinions have held that shareholders own corporations, that directors are agents of shareholders, and even that directors are trustees of shareholders' property. Yet, until now, it has never been proven. These doctrines rest on unsubstantiated assumptions. In this book the...

In Ukraine, entrepreneurship started forming in the absence of the previous experience of its legal regulation in connection with the long socialist period. The relationship between individuals and organisations that have merged in one corporation needs special regulation, and one of the means...

Artificial Intelligence (hereafter: AI) is transforming our everyday life in many important respects. The corporate realm is no exception. Many corporations cannot avoid facing the variety of issues raised by the increasing importance that AI plays within firms. Can an AI-based system be...

Given the importance of “property rights” in American law and culture, academic and judicial disagreement over the content of the concept is a problem. Professor Eric Claeys makes considerable progress toward resolving this problem in his forthcoming book, Natural Property Rights. Using John...