maintenance. Sweden progressively opened up the market for rail maintenance services, starting in 2002. We study the cost impacts …This is the first paper in the literature to formally study the cost impact of competitive tendering in rail … competitive tendering reduced costs by around 12%. This cost reduction was not associated with falling quality as measured by …

efficiencies and cost-effectiveness. Several Cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) migration scenarios for five top cloud … vendors were studied using cost versus effectiveness ratios (CE). The results show that the greatest cost-benefit was gained …

dimensions of the COBRA framework (Osman et al. 2014): Cost, opportunity, benefit and risk. SEM analysis demonstrated a good …

research hypotheses were tested using variance analysis. The results showed that the benefits, cost, risk, and opportunity have … organization in doing services online with shortest time and less cost. …

cost constraints simultaneously. In this article, evaluations are made in the simulation environment and the results show …

For many projects, resources are always limited. Hence, there is often a need to allocate resources in a most cost …-effective manner. There are some cost models developed as guidelines on how to estimate the costs of digitalization and preservation of … cost-effective strategy for digital preservation. Among different migration strategies proposed by researchers, in this …