financial intermediation and the supremacy of banks' efficiency. This study examines the concurrent effects of bank risk …, efficiency and cost of financial intermediation of Bangladeshi commercial banks. The Two-Step System GMM (2GMM) estimators of …-level, industry-level, and macroeconomic-level phenomenon. Efficiency gains cost the spread of banks' financial intermediation, and …

This article proposes a comprehensive introduction into the analysis and calculating costs and identifies the different … areas of activities in company which can lead to improving the quality and reducing costs by using the PAF cost model. The … objectives which should be achieved. PAF model is the most frequently used model for the quality costs analysis at present. In …

higher expected warranty servicing costs. Warranty costs are reduced by improvements in product reliability. Learning effects …

demand responsive transport, mainly due to the low revenue-to-cost ratio of such services. The costs per passenger can even …In transport policy debates, demand responsive transport is often seen as feasible to deal with quality deficiencies … compared to individual motor car traffic, demographic transition and more flexible demand of mobility. These alternative …