This paper updates the mortality cost of expenditures. Because changes in income lead to changes in mortality risk … mortality risk. This article discusses the mechanisms driving this relationship and provides support from recent empirical … studies. The 2015 cost-per-life-saved cutoff level at which expenditures increase mortality risk is estimated to have a lower …

. Rather than providing evidence in favor of BCD, Hartwig’s estimation procedures, when applied correctly, strongly reject BCD …