This article deals with the Arab Spring as a process of deep political change in the Arab world, previously the only major world area where authoritarianism persisted unchallenged for decades. While in various countries of the Arab world mass protests in 2011 forced rulers to resign, other...

1. Middle East economic development : problems and methodology -- 2. The sociopolitical context -- 3. The demographic scene -- 4. The infrastructure -- 5. Science, technology, and education -- 6. Agriculture -- 7. The magic of industrialization -- 8. International trade and development -- 9....