The purpose of this paper is to examine the intellectual roots of monetary dominance; specifically, the view that fiscal policy is largely irrelevant to counter-cyclical macro stabilisation and long-run output growth. A first step towards monetary dominance was the monetarist reinterpretation of...

After the global financial crisis and during the European sovereign debt crisis, bank lending to companies in the euro area slowed down dramatically, bringing the economy close to a credit crunch. It was only after the start of the European Central Bank (ECB) quantitative easing programme in...

After the global financial crisis and during the European sovereign debt crisis, bank lending to companies in the euro area slowed down dramatically bringing the economy close to a credit crunch. It was only after the start of the ECB’s quantitative easing programme in early 2015 that bank...

This paper studies the effect of central banks’ targeted refinancing operations on bank lending. It utilizes data from the European Central Bank’s targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTROs) together with monthly bank level balance sheet data from multiple countries. The effect of...

The article supplements the research on the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission - especially through the bank lending channel. The current study focuses on assessing the transmission of monetary impulses through commercial and cooperative banks as well as through individual loan...

This paper examines the impact of monetary policy and central bank information on banks' lending using data on German bank balance sheets from 2002 to 2018. Local projection estimates show that the volume of loans to non-financial corporations declines significantly after a restrictive monetary...

This study examines the transmission of monetary policy in the eurozone from 2005 to 2021. The novelty of this research lies in defining the European Central Bank's monetary policy through three dimensions extracted via principal component analysis. These components, examined across various...

We examine the effect of quantitative easing on the supply of bank loans. During the 2008 quantitative easing, lending banks reduce relatively more loan spreads, offer longer loan maturities, provide larger loans, and loosen covenants for firms whose long-term bond ratings are lower than BBB....

In this paper we test for the potential bias in the estimated contribution of a supply restriction on lending to enterprises, as captured by the assessment of credit standards provided by the banks participating in the Eurosystem Bank Lending Survey (BLS banks). For Italy, we combine the...

Ghana's lending rates when compared to its peer countries such as Botswana, South Africa and Nigeria were very high. Similarly access to bank credit and the size of loans received from banks were also higher in these countries than Ghana. The Association of Ghana Industries identified bank...