An originate-to-distribute (OTD) model of lending, where the originator of a loan sells it to various third parties, was a popular method of mortgage lending before the onset of the subprime mortgage crisis. We show that banks with high involvement in the OTD market during the pre-crisis period...

Credit rating is determined by a borrower's credit risk, but can the rating in itself change a borrower's credit risk in an economically meaningful manner? Despite the theoretical and practical importance of this question, there is limited empirical evidence on this topic since it is hard to...