To avoid credit fraud, social credit within an economic system has become an increasingly important criterion for the evaluation of economic agent activity and guaranteeing the development of a market economy with minimal supervision costs. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the...

To avoid credit fraud, social credit within an economic system has become an increasingly important criterion for the evaluation of economic agent activity and guaranteeing the development of a market economy with minimal supervision costs. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the...

Risk aggregation considering inter-risk dependence has always been a challenge to both researchers and practitioners. The objective of this study is to formulate ways of aggregation of bank risks and comprehensively compare simple summation, variance–covariance and copula approach. Firstly,...

With the fast development of financial products and services, bank’s credit departments collected large amounts of data, which risk analysts use to build appropriate credit scoring models to evaluate an applicant’s credit risk accurately. One of these models is the Multi-Criteria...

This paper examines the association between institutional ownership and income smoothing through bank loan loss provisions for a sample of Japanese banks during the period 1991-1999. We find that as the percentage of institutional ownership of banks increases, income smoothing via loan loss...