collateral to support arbitrage trades. We show that with volatile asset demands, arbitrage becomes risky. With information … frictions, a looser collateral policy might render the economy more vulnerable to extremely large demand shocks, while a tighter … collateral constraint helps maintain the stability at the cost of market liquidity supply …

We decompose aggregate consumption by modelling both savers and their links to collateral constrained borrowers through … proportion to the riskiness of assets, the demand for loans, the asset price and the quantity of housing collateral. We show that …