We move forward in identifying the causes of the marked and systematic reduction in the homicide rate in São Paulo state in the 2000s. Its main objective was that of investigating the role of the criminal organization PCC in this process. We constructed a first-difference fixed effects model...

This paper reviews the econometric issues in efforts to estimate the impact of the death penalty on murder, focusing on six recent studies published since 2003. We highlight the large number of choices that must be made when specifying the various panel data models that have been used to address...

Race has long been recognized as playing a critical role in policing. In spite of this awareness, there has been virtually no previous research attempting to quantitatively analyze the issue. In this paper, we examine the relationship between the racial composition of a city's police force and...