This paper provides an overview of different approaches to old age security and their societal outcome in three advanced welfare states: Denmark, Finland, and the United Kingdom. All three countries established a public first tier minimum pension, which was also pursued in the following. Reform...

In parliamentary systems, parties compete for votes and offices in the electoral arena but in many systems they also cooperate in the legislative arena. This paper examines the question of whether the government status of parties affects their legislative behaviour and, hence, policy outcomes....

Denmark has drawn much attention for its active labor market policies, but is almost unique in offering a voluntary public unemployment insurance program requiring a significant premium payment. A safety net program - a less generous, means-tested social assistance plan - completes the system....