We suggest a decision support approach, Balanced Benchmarking that combines Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Interactive Benchmarking. A successful BSC implementation requires a theoretical and operational sound foundation for the key measures. This foundation may be constructed using Interactive...

In response to a question raised by Knox Lovell, we develop a method for estimating directional output distance functions with endogenously determined direction vectors based on exogenous normalization constraints. This is reminiscent of the Russell measure proposed by Färe and Lovell (J Econ...

Environmental regulation has become more and more important in policy making among the world economies. How has it affected productivity growth and hence economic growth? The answer to this question is either controversial or yet to be explored in many cases. The objective of this paper is to...

In efficiency analysis the assessment of the performance of Decision Making Units (DMUs) relays on the selection of the direction along which the distance from the efficient frontier is measured. Directional Distance Functions (DDFs) represent a flexible way to gauge the inefficiency of DMUs....