In a recent paper Kuosmanen and Matin (2011) have developed a dual formulation of the weakly disposable Kuosmanen’s technology (Kuosmanen, 2005). Their work sheds new light on the economic interpretation of weak disposability and allows estimation of shadow prices for undesirable/bad outputs....

Thepurpose of this short article is to simplify goodness-of-fitmethods to obtain qualitative information about returns to scalefor individual observations. Traditional and new goodness-of-fitmethods developed for estimating returns to scale on nonparametricdeterministic reference technologies...