Arabi, Behrouz; Munisamy, Susila; Emrouznejad, Ali - In: Omega 51 (2015) C, pp. 29-37
In the majority of production processes, noticeable amounts of bad byproducts or bad outputs are produced. The negative effects of the bad outputs on efficiency cannot be handled by the standard Malmquist index to measure productivity change over time. Toward this end, the Malmquist–Luenberger...