We analyze whether different intensities of country ties to Europe affected the assignment of sovereign credit ratings during the Eurozone sovereign crisis. We find that Fitch, the rating agency among the “Big Three” with significantly stronger ties to Europe, was more reluctant than its two...

For the euro debt crisis, we assess the relevance of financial contagion from an investor perspective. We find that contagion, which we identify through the joint occurrence of extremely negative bond returns, has only small and transitory effects on broad government bond portfolios. For...

We analyse whether different levels of country ties to Europe among the rating agencies Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch affect the assignment of sovereign credit ratings, using the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis of 2009-2012 as a natural laboratory. We find that Fitch, the rating agency among the "Big...