This paper investigates the relationship between monitoring, decision-making, and learning among lower level employees. We exploit a field-research setting in which business units vary in the ”tightness” with which they monitor employee decisions. We find that tighter monitoring gives rise...

It is well-accepted that organizations must consider multiple stakeholders and their objectives when deciding on organizational actions. But research provides little guidance regarding how managers can identify stakeholders, measure, and use information to facilitate this type of...