This paper explores and contrasts the different social processes of valuation now appearing as economic means of valuing the environment. Monetary valuation via stated preference approaches has been criticised for assuming well formed and informed preferences and excluding a range of...

Economists concerned with validity, defined internally to the profession, are combining stated preference methods with participatory deliberation to address on-going criticism. DMV uses formal methods of deliberation to express values for environmental change in monetary terms. However, the...