This study examines how the economic effects of elections in rural China depend on voter heterogeneity, for which …

of these states had to live in exile and state prisons. Elections, though conducted regularly after five or six years … were not free and fair as reported by many independent observers. According to many experts these elections were not more …

that examination takes place in spite of, rather than thanks to, elections. Elections are needed as a carrot and a stick to …

The difficulty of holding fair elections continues to be a critical problem in many newly democratized countries. The … electoral administration system has two main functions: to disclose the nature of elections and to prevent fraud. We argue in … incentive to disclose the information on the elections and to secure the ruler's credible commitment to fair elections. We …

direct test of the effects of media exposure, we compare tainted candidates exposed before elections to those exposed after …. We find that those exposed before elections get as many votes as those exposed once elected, but their electoral support …

effects of media exposure, we compare tainted candidates exposed before elections to those exposed after. We find that those … exposed before elections get as many votes as those exposed once elected, but their electoral support is more strongly …

elections on local economic growth in Indonesia by using a quasi-experimental research method. The first direct elections of …. Thus, growth in districts that have had their first elections of district heads can be compared with growth in districts … estimations show no general effect of local elections on economic growth. The result is robust to various robustness tests and is …