We examine the role of democracy shocks in the cross-country economic growth processes over a period of five decades … investigation. We study if (i) a shock to democracy in one country triggers institutional reforms and growth upsurge in the … neighbouring countries, and (ii) the magnitude and direction of response to democracy shocks are contingent upon income pathways of …

area in the cities. It is, however, challenged by the homeowners, a social group that has newly emerged as a result of …

individual commitment across citizens to defend democracy against a potential military coup, and it is an endogenous state … and the state. Parents invest resources in order to transmit their own political values (commitment to democracy) to their … between political regimes and political culture diffusion. Consolidated democracy emerges when sufficiently many people are …