The paper is devoted to analytical investigation of the division of geographical space into urban and rural areas with … farmers did not grow as fast as food price index. This can shift optimal rural population density to lower level, causing … population density and rural density declines further due to low fertility and migration to cities. Those factors limited the …

The paper is devoted to analytical investigation of the division of geographical space into urban and rural areas with … grow as fast as food price index. This can shift optimal rural population density to lower level, causing migration to … population density and rural density declines further due to low fertility and migration to cities. Those factors limited the …

’s smaller cities to assist in managing population growth, including international and national migration; and provides advice on … which policy instruments and programs are most likely to redirect population movements to these places. Absolute population … contrast, population decline was concentrated in inland and remote towns, particularly in centres associated with resource …

distinct, yet interrelated, dynamics: i) ageing population and decreasing household size in cities (for instance, the number of … older adults in cities increased by 2.4% per year in G7 countries between 2008 and 2018), ii) city population growth or … decline (for instance, 20% of cities across OECD countries experienced population decline between 2001 and 2021), and iii …

This paper examines whether population shrinkage leads to changes in the urban hierarchy in terms of relative sizes of …-run equilibrium. Initial distribution of population is chosen to satisfy both the rank-size rule and central place hierarchy. We have … population implosion would entail. In each period, natural changes occur according to the city size and they are followed by …

on population growth along the Austrian-Czech border. Using historical municipal-level census data reaching back to 1880 … affect population growth via economic as well as non-economic mechanisms. …