US, Sweden and Denmark. It assesses the effectiveness and efficiency of activation policies in terms of bringing the …

associated with the Nordic model. The results show that Finland had the most redistributive policy changes in the studied time … Swedish work-line policy increased the risk of poverty by 1.0 percentage point and the Gini coefficient by 0.4. In Sweden, the … perspective, the results indicate that the Nordic model is resilient. In Sweden, a significant increase in the risk of poverty …

Denmark has drawn much attention for its active labor market policies, but is almost unique in offering a voluntary …