Given the characteristics of electricity and the reforms that this sector has undergone, there is still a lot of discussion regarding the best way of ensuring adequate supply in such an environment. The situation is even more critical for countries like Colombia with high dependence on hydro...

Since the 1991 balance of payments crisis, India has embarked on an ambitious program of economic liberalization. Over the past decade the Indian government has introduced a series of far-reaching reforms that have transformed the once closed economy. This paper examines the policy reforms and...

In this paper, we describe the approach to, and experience of, the deregulation and liberalisation of the Norwegian electricity sector from 1991. The Norwegian electricity market was subsequently integrated with the Swedish, Finnish and Danish markets to become the Nordic electricity market: the...

The following paper aims at studying the competitive effect of the entry in the gas market of importers of liquefied natural gas (LNG hereafter). In particular we would like to analyze whether the construction of LNG terminals and the entry of LNG importers can have a positive effect on the gas...

The European electricity market is in the middle of a transformation from monopolistic state-owned production and distribution to privatized markets, with various competing firms. The speed of privatization differs widely across Europe from full trade of electricity at the wholesale market in...

From its inception, the federal securities law regime created and enforced a major divide between public and private capital raising. Firms that chose to “go public” took on substantial disclosure burdens, but in exchange were given the exclusive right to raise capital from the general...