This paper studies the innovation response of upstream technology suppliers when their downstream technology buyers transition from regulation to product market competition. First, we develop a theoretical framework that models this particular organizational structure. Second, we use the US...

Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of deregulation and restructuring on public-interest environmental research conducted by electric utilities in the US for the period 1990-2001. I find that deregulation has had a tremendous negative on such expenditures which have declined by 40 percent....