lower calls prices. This was done by introducing wholesale regulation and promoting service based competition. Some years … retail minus or complete deregulation. -- access regulation ; vertical integration ; foreclosure ; price squeeze …

This paper looks at the effects of different forms of wholesale and retail regulation on retail competition in fixed … increases. We argue that a wholesale price regulation at average costs is not optimal in such a situation and discuss retail … minus and deregulation as potential alternatives. -- access regulation ; foreclosure ; margin squeeze ; telecommunications …

market regulation have motivated this quality improvement. In particular we show that this rise in quality is only profitable …

. First, sector-specific regulation can be used to address market failures, such as, for instance, the presence of bottlenecks … of this paper will be on ex ante regulation. There is indeed considerable debate regarding the regulatory framework …-handed approach to regulation. Pursuant to this view, the forthcoming postal directive should only provide for minimal regulatory …

monopolies or to create the effective antitrust regulation like in USA. …