European Union countries have implemented widespread reforms to product markets in order to stimulate competition, innovation and economic growth. We provide empirical evidence that the reforms carried out under the EU Single Market Programme (SMP) were associated with increased product market...

Two very different approaches are used to explore the relation between market orientation and gender wage differentials in international data. More market orientation might be related to gender wage gaps via its effects on competition in product and labor markets and the general absence of...

This paper compares electricity market reforms in the European Union with reforms in Chile and Brazil. The paradigm of competitive market structures for the electricity sector, as developed in the economics literature, is outlined: competitive markets in generation and retailing and an...

Nach den Versorgungsbereichen Telekommunikation, Strom und Gas steht die Liberalisierung der Wasserwirtschaft auf der politischen Tagesordnung. Welche Besonderheiten sind bei dem Gut Wasser zu berücksichtigen? Welche Wettbewerbsform führt zu den besten Ergebnissen?