The European Commission years ago adopted a policy of encouraging the substitution of motor carrier haulage of freight with rail and water carrier haulage, as part of its "green" agenda of reducing fuel consumption, emission of pollutants, carbon intensity, and road congestion. Regarding railway...

This article focuses on the liberalization process of the railway freight transport market in Poland between 1997 and 2009. It shows that the increase in traffic and the fall in prices that occurred in this period took place not because of ‘effective regulation’ but despite its absence. This...