Purpose: The aim of the paper is to investigate the Black and Scholes model by providing an updated framework of the international literature on the topic, within the field of real option. The purpose of the research is to identify the relevant literature between 1999 and 2015, together with the...

R&D is often a highly uncertain venture where experiments achieve successful outcomes on an extraordinarily rare basis. Just one successful product could change the future of a company; the discovery stage can often be an invaluable or disastrous experience. We develop a real R&D option model...

In this paper, we investigate the behavior of the bitcoin (BTC) price through the vanilla options available on the market. We calibrate a series of Markov models on the option surface. In particular, we consider the Black-Scholes model, Laplace model, five Variance Gamma related models and the...